At this point in history, energy and climate change are inextricably linked. Energy systems created the enormous problem of climate change and energy systems are the only hope of solving the problem. Here we look at the current portfolio of energy uses and consider how decarbonization – the elimination of fossil fuels from the world’s energy supplies – may proceed. Energy concerns relate most directly to UN SDG #7 – affordable and clean energy, with close links to UN SDG #13 – climate action.

Many thanks to Professor John Rupp of the O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University – Bloomington for thoughts and comments on Chapter 6!

Learning Outcomes

After studying this chapter, you should able to:

• Discuss energy sources from the perspectives of energy logistics and of environmental impacts
• Describe the current US and world energy portfolio and availability of additional renewable energy
• Understand opportunities and barriers to growth of renewable energy sources and the improvement of energy sustainability

Chapter Outline

• 6.1 Conventional energy sources – fossil fuels and nuclear energy
• 6.2 Renewable energy sources
• 6.3 Sustainability and the present energy picture
• 6.4 Critical Minerals – strategically important for clean energy
• 6.5 Improving energy sustainability
• 6.6 Energy case study – AI and Energy