"

Appendix 5: Other open educational resources

1 However, we have largely dispensed with representing final short a as this is not usually pronounced in Hindi and has the potential to cause confusion.
2 In a handful of words the character ॹ or झ़ may be is used to represent the sound z̈ (IPA: ʒ), found in Persian and Avestan derived words such as अझ़दहा or झ़ाला. However, most learners are highly unlikely to come across this character.
3 You may find many examples of tables with rows and rows of multi-consonant conjuncts, some with 3 or more letters conjoined, but these are fairly rare in everyday Hindi vocabulary. For some examples see: https://www.omniglot.com/writing/devanagari.htm, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hindi/Consonant_combinations

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A Practical Guide to Hindi Script Copyright © 2025 by Gwendolyn S. Kirk and Shobha SV. All Rights Reserved.