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Term
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Description
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Alternatives
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This strategy provides for the participation of target populations in activities that exclude alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. The assumption is that constructive and healthy activities offset the attraction to, or otherwise meet the needs usually filled by alcohol, tobacco and other drugs and would, therefore, minimize or obviate resort to the latter. Examples of activities conducted, and methods used for this strategy include (but are not limited to) the following: Drug free dances and parties, Youth/Adult leadership activities, Community drop-in centers, and community service activities.
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Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP)
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The sole federal organization with responsibility for improving accessibility and quality of substance abuse prevention services. CSAP provides national leadership in the development of policies, programs, and services to prevent the onset of illegal drug use, underage alcohol and tobacco use, and to reduce the negative consequences of using substances. http://www.samhsa.gov/about/csap.aspx
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Communities That Care (CTC)
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A five-step prevention planning tool developed by J. David Hawkins and Richard F. Catalano that empowers communities to use advances from prevention science to guide their prevention efforts. CTC guides communities through the SPF approach to prevention. The steps include (a) Phase 1: Getting Started, (b) Phase 2: Organizing, Introducing, and Involving, (c) Phase 3: Developing a Community Profile, (d) Phase 4: Creating a Community Action Plan, (e) Phase 5: Implementing and Evaluating the Community Action Plan. http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/spf/
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Community-Based Process
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This strategy aims to enhance the ability of the community to provide prevention and treatment services more effectively for alcohol, tobacco and drug abuse disorders. Activities in this strategy include organizing, planning, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness of services implementation, inter-agency collaboration, coalition building and networking. Examples of activities conducted and methods used for this strategy include (but are not limited to) the following: Community and volunteer training, e.g., neighborhood action training, training of key people in the system, staff/officials training, Systematic planning, Multi-agency coordination and collaboration, Accessing services and funding, and Community team-building.
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CSAP Core Strategies
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The six core strategy categories outlined by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention include: Information Dissemination, Education, Community-Based Process, Alternatives, Problem Identification and Referral, and Environmental Approaches.
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Determinants
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An influence that contributes to an issue. Often these are risk or protective factors. They are usually considered a thought, attitude or feeling.
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Disparities
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A health outcome seen as an inequality between population is a disparity. Race or ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, age, disability, socioeconomic status, and geographic location all contribute to an individual’s ability to achieve good health.
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Division of Mental Health and Addiction
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A division within the Indiana Family & Social Services Administration which supports network of mental health care providers and funds prevention, treatment, and recovery programs. http://www.in.gov/fssa/dmha/index.htm
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Education
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This strategy involves two-way communication and is distinguished from the Information Dissemination strategy by the fact that interaction between the educator/facilitator and the participants is the basis of its activities. Activities under this strategy aim to affect critical life and social skills, including decision-making, refusal skills, critical analysis (e.g. of media messages) and systematic judgment abilities. Examples of activities conducted and methods used for this strategy include (but are not limited to) the following: Classroom and/or small group sessions (all ages), Parenting and family management classes, Peer leader/helper programs, Education programs for youth groups, and Children of substance abusers groups.
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Environmental
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This strategy establishes or changes written and unwritten community standards, codes and attitudes, thereby influencing incidence and prevalence of the abuse of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs used in the general population. This strategy is divided into two subcategories to permit distinction between activities which center on legal and regulatory initiatives and those which relate to the service and action-oriented initiatives. Examples of activities conducted and methods used for this strategy shall include (but not be limited to) the following: Promoting the establishment and review of alcohol, tobacco and drug use policies in schools, Technical assistance to communities to maximize local enforcement procedures governing availability and distribution of alcohol, tobacco and other drug use, Modifying alcohol and tobacco advertising practices, and Product pricing strategies.
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Evaluation
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The systematic collection of information about program activities, characteristics, and outcomes to reduce uncertainty, improve effectiveness, and make decisions.
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Indiana Family and Social Services Administration (FSSA)
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Indiana’s health care and social service funding agency. http://www.in.gov/fssa/
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Indiana Prevention Resource Center (IPRC)
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A substance abuse prevention technical assistance clearinghouse which assists Indiana based alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) prevention practitioners in order to improve the quality of their services http://www.drugs.indiana.edu/
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Indiana Problem Gambling Awareness Program (IPGAP)
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A statewide project funded by the Division of Mental Health Addiction and led by the Indiana Prevention Resource Center, which exists to raise the awareness of problem gambling and promote treatment options in Indiana. http://www.ipgap.indiana.edu/
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Indicated
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Interventions focus on high-risk individuals who are identified as having minimal but detectable signs or symptoms that foreshadow behavioral health disorders, prior to the diagnosis of a disorder.
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Information Dissemination
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This strategy provides awareness and knowledge of the nature and extent of alcohol, tobacco and drug use, abuse and addiction and their effects on individuals, families, and communities. It also provides knowledge and awareness of available prevention programs and services. Information dissemination is characterized by one-way communication from the source to the audience, with limited contact between the two. Examples of activities conducted and methods used for this strategy include (but are not limited to) the following: Clearinghouse/information resource center(s), Resource directories, Media campaigns, Brochures, Radio/TV public service announcements, Speaking engagements, Health fairs/health promotion, and Information lines.
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Policy
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Rules, regulations, standards, or laws designed to prevent the abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (e.g., 0.08 Blood Alcohol Content laws, keg registration).
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Practice
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Standard activities that are based on policy and designed to prevent substance abuse (e.g., responsible beverage server training, sobriety checks).
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Prevention Infrastructure
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The policies, networks, coalitions, resources, professional staff and skills, programs and delivery systems that serve as a foundation for prevention work within a community.
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Prevention Strategies
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Policies, programs, and practices that promote the well-being of people and reduce the consumption of – and the problems associated with – alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.
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Problem Identification and Referral
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This strategy aims at identification of those who have indulged in illegal/age-inappropriate use of tobacco or alcohol and those individuals who have indulged in the first use of illicit drugs in order to assess if their behavior can be reversed through education. It should be noted, however, that this strategy does not include any activity designed to determine if a person needs treatment. Examples of activities conducted, and methods used for this strategy include (but are not limited to) the following: Employee assistance programs, Student assistance programs, and Driving while under the influence/driving while intoxicated education programs.
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Program
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Structured intervention that is designed to change social, physical, fiscal, or policy conditions within a definable geographic area or for a defined population.
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Protective Factor
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A personal, family, or community characteristic that, alone or in combination with other factors, tends to decrease the likelihood of, or protect against, a youth’s involvement with alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs. Prevention programs should be designed to enhance the influence of protective factors on participating youth.
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Risk Factor
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Risk factors are characteristics of an individual, family, school, or community environment that are associated with increases in the development of problem behaviors (alcohol and other drug use, delinquency, teen pregnancy, school dropout and violence) among youth and adolescents.
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Selective
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Interventions focus on individuals or subgroups of the population whose risk of developing behavioral health disorders is significantly higher than average.
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Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF)
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A community-based approach to prevention which uses a step-by-step process to help communities identify, manage, and evaluate their substance abuse prevention and mental health needs. The steps are; Assessment: Profiling needs and response capacity, Capacity: Mobilizing and building needed capacity, Planning: Developing a prevention plan, Implementation: Using programs, policies, and strategies based on what is known to be effective, Evaluation: Considering program effectiveness and sustaining what works well. http://captus.samhsa.Rov/access-resources/about-strategic-prevention-framework-spf
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Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
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An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) which exists to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on America’s communities. http://www.samhsa.gov/
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Target Population
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A sub-group of people identified by a single or group of specific factors such as Race or ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, age, disability, socioeconomic status, and/or geographic location who are the focus of a given program or strategy.
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Universal
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Interventions focus on the general public or population subgroup that have not been identified on the basis of risk.
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Universal Direct
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Interventions directly serve an identifiable group of participants but who have not been identified based on individual risk (e.g., school curriculum, after school program, parenting class). This also could include interventions involving interpersonal and ongoing/repeated contact (e.g., coalitions)
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Universal Indirect
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Interventions support population-based programs and environmental strategies (e.g., establishing Alcohol Tobacco and Other Drug (ATOD) policies, modifying ATOD advertising practices). This also could include interventions involving programs and policies implemented by coalitions.
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