4 Chapter 4: Strategy by DOMAIN and CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

Domains are the arena in which a contributing factor thrives. The domain is a way to identify the best reach for different contributing (risk and protective) factors which impact behavior. Questions to ask are: “What are the contributing factors (risk and protective factors) that have led to negative behavior?” and  “In which domain do these elements belong?”

This chapter sorts strategies by the contributing factors they are designed to focus upon. Contributing factors, or risk and protective factors, are the internal and external influences by which people start a behavior. Thoughts, feelings, external environment, and living conditions are all examples of contributing factors. A change in contributing factors can result in positive or negative behavioral changes. For instance, isolation and loneliness can contribute to behaviors that are not positive; while social interaction with people who do not use substances can have a positive effect on behavior.

Clicking on the strategy will navigate you to its listing in Chapter 1.

Individual /Peer Domain

Contributing Factor (Determinants):

• Risk Factors
  • Rebelliousness/Early and persistent problem behavior
  • Antisocial Behavior
  • Friends who engage in drug use/Peer substance use
  • Favorable attitudes toward substance use,
  • Early initiation of substance use,
  • Genetic Predictors
• Protective Factors
  • Constitutional factors/Social, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and moral competence
  • Self-efficacy
  • Spirituality
  • Resiliency
• Older Adult Factors
  • Long-lasting pain
  • Changes in care or living situations
  • Poor health status
  • Chronic physical illness
  • Multiple prescription drugs
  • Avoidance coping style
  • History of alcohol misuse
  • Past or co-occurring substance use disorders
  • Past or co-occurring mental disorders
  • Financial Stress
  • Bereavement
  • Unexpected or forced retirement
  • Social isolation

School Domain

Contributing Factor (Risk and Protective Factors)

• Risk Factors:
  • Academic failure
  • Lack of commitment to school
• Protective Factors:
  • Opportunities for positive social involvement
  • Recognition for positive behavior
  • Bonding
  • Healthy beliefs and clear standards for behavior

Family Domain

Contributing Factor (Risk and Protective Factors)

• Risk Factors:
  • Family history of drug use
  • Family management problems,
  • Family conflict
  • Parental attitudes favor drug use
• Protective Factors:
  • Opportunities for positive social involvement
  • Recognition for positive behavior
  • Bonding
  • Marriage or committed relationship
  • Healthy beliefs and clear standards for behavior

Community Domain

Contributing Factor (Risk and Protective Factors):

• Risk Factors:
  • Low Cost of Alcohol
  • High availability of substances
  • Community laws and norms favor substance use
  • Media portrayal of alcohol use
  • Transitions and mobility
  • Low neighborhood attachment
  • Community disorganization,
  • Low socioeconomic status/Extreme economic deprivation
• Protective Factors:
  • Opportunities for positive social involvement
  • Recognition for positive behavior
  • Bonding
  • Healthy beliefs and clear standards for behavior