About the Authors

Assefaw Bariagaber is professor of diplomacy and international relations at the School of Diplomacy and International Relations and Director of the Certificate Program in Post Conflict State Reconstruction and Sustainability, Seton Hall University. He received his PhD in political science from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. He is editor of International Migration and Development in Eastern and Southern Africa (Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2014) and author of Conflict and the Refugee Experience: Flight, Exile, and Repatriation in the Horn of Africa (Ashgate, 2006). He has published scholarly articles on conflicts, refugee formations, and United Nations peace operations in Africa in such journals as the Journal of Modern African Studies, Africa Today, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Journal of Black Studies, and International Migration. He may be contacted by e-mail at: Assefaw.Bariagaber@shu.edu.
Milena Belloni is currently a post-doctoral fellow at the American Academy in Rome. She gained her PhD in Sociology and Social Research at the University of Trento, Italy. Her thesis “Cosmologies of Destinations: Eritrean forced migration to Europe” has been awarded the 2016 IMISCOE prize. She has conducted ethnographic studies of Eritreans’ decision-making in different stages of their migration process through Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy. Among her most recent publications are “Refugees as gamblers: Eritreans seeking to migrate through Italy” [2016] in the Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies and “My uncle cannot say no if I reach Libya: unpacking the social dynamics of border-crossing among Eritreans heading to Europe” [2016] in Human Geography. She occasionally collaborated with the Global Post, Al Jazeera America, and Allegra writing articles on forced migration.
Victoria Bernal is associate professor of anthropology at the University of California, Irvine. She received her PhD from Northwestern University. Her research interests include civil society, new media, war and militarism, gender, diaspora, and Islam. Her book, Nation as Network: Diaspora, Cyberspace, and Citizenship (University of Chicago Press, forthcoming 2014), addresses transformations of sovereignty and citizenship associated with migration and new media. She is coeditor with Inderpal Grewal of the anthology, Theorizing NGOs: States, Feminisms, and Neoliberalism, forthcoming from Duke University Press. She is editor of Contemporary Cultures, Global Connections: Anthropology for the 21st Century, an anthology for teaching anthropology (Cognella, 2012). She has carried out ethnographic research in Eritrea, Tanzania, Sudan, and cyberspace. She may be contacted by e-mail at: vbernal@uci.edu.
David M. Bozzini is a postdoctoral fellow at CUNY Graduate Center. He earned a PhD in social anthropology from the University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland) with a thesis that analyzes Eritrean state surveillance in relation to indefinite military conscription and conscripts’ strategies to cope with insecurity and fears generated by state measures. This work, to be published as L’état de siege: Mobilisation, résistance et collaboration en Érythrée (Institut d’ethnologie and Maison des Sciences de l’Homme), delineates social processes that are both challenging and complicit with state authoritarianism. His current research investigates the functioning of Eritrean transnational state institutions and the social and cultural dynamics of Eritrean exiles’ resistance movements against the current regime in power. This project will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of exiles’ political social movements and their impact on transnational authoritarianism. He is also coeditor-in-chief of Tsantsa, the Journal of the Swiss Ethnological Society. He may be contacted by e-mail at: david.bozzini@unine.ch.
Georgia Cole is the Joyce Pearce Junior Research Fellow in the Refugee Studies Centre at the University of Oxford, where she teaches on critical approaches to durable solutions for the forcibly displaced. She is completing her doctorate at the Oxford Department of International Development on the “ceased circumstances” Cessation Clause of the 1951 Refugee Convention. Her thesis has a particular focus on the cancellation of Eritreans’ refugee statuses in 2002 in Sudan, and the ongoing attempts to invoke the Cessation Clause for Rwandan refugees in Uganda. She has also held a Research Fellowship at the Adi Keih College of Arts and Social Sciences in Eritrea. She may be contacted by e-mail at: georgia.cole@lmh.ox.ac.uk
Dan Connell (danconnell.net) is a visiting scholar at Boston University’s African Studies Center, has been writing about Eritrea for 40 years. He is the author of Against All Odds: A Chronicle of the Eritrean Revolution (1997), Rethinking Revolution: New Strategies for Democracy & Social Justice (2002), and Conversations with Eritrean Political Prisoners (2005), and a co-author of the Historical Dictionary of Eritrea (2010); he is currently writing a book on the Eritrean refugee experience. He may be contacted by e-mail at: danconnell@mac.com
Gaim Kibreab studied law at Haile Selassie University, Addis Ababa. He earned a PhD degree in Economic History at Uppsala University, Sweden. He held a teaching and research position at Uppsala University before moving to the UK. Currently he is Professor of Research and Director of the MSc Development and Refugee Studies at London South Bank University. He has published widely on refugees, resettlement, repatriation, development, conflict, environment and resource management, post-conflict (re)-construction, and gender. Some of his recent publications include Reflections on the Eritrean War of Independence and Eritrea: A Dream Deferred. Currently he is working on the Eritrean national service and its consequences on the social fabric of Eritrean society. He may be contacted by e-mail at: kibreag@lsbu.ac.uk
Amanda Poole is associate professor of anthropology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. She received her PhD from the environmental anthropology program at the University of Washington with a dissertation that researched the connection between people, place, and national identity in the context of refugee resettlement to Eritrea after independence. Her work looks at transformations in nationalism and state-society relations, forced migration, refugee policy, and the gendered nature of citizenship. She may be contacted by e-mail at: pooleab@yahoo.com.
Jennifer Riggan is assistant professor of international studies in the Department of Historical and Political Studies at Arcadia University. Her ethnographic research addresses nationalism, citizenship, state formation, militarism, development, education in Africa, and other issues. She has published on the changing relationship between citizenship and nationalism and on the decoupling of the nation and the state. She is currently working on a book on teachers, nationalism, and militarization in Eritrea, in a project entitled The Teacher State: Militarization and the Reeducation of the Nation in Eritrea, which explores the role of teachers in statemaking in Eritrea. She may be contacted by e-mail at: rigganj@arcadia.edu.
Magnus Treiber holds a PhD in Anthropology from Munich University (2005) and received his venia legendi in 2016 from Bayreuth University, where he has also been assistant professor. He has been Professor of Anthropology at Munich University since April 2016. He is also affiliated with the German Felsberg Institute (www.fibw.eu). He spent the academic year 2014/15 at Addis Ababa University, and his fields of interest are urban anthropology, migration, anthropological theory and methodology, and political conflict in the Horn of Africa. His recent publications are: “Informality and Informalization among Eritrean Refugees: Why migration does not provide a lesson in democracy” (2016), and “The False Messiah—Evangelicalism, youths and politics in Eritrea” (2016). He may be contacted by e-mail at: magnus.treiber@fibw.eu.
Dr. Michael Woldemariam is assistant professor of international relations at Boston University’s Pardee School of Global Studies. He also serves on BU’s graduate faculty of political science and as a faculty affiliate at the African Studies Center. He previously worked as a research specialist with Princeton University’s Innovations for Successful Societies program, and held fellowships at the Woodrow Wilson International Center in Washington, DC and Penn State’s Africana Research Center. Woldemariam’s teaching and research interests are in African security studies, with a particular focus on armed conflict in the Horn of Africa. He is currently completing a book manuscript that focuses on the behavior of insurgent groups in the region. His most recent articles have been published or are forthcoming in the journals Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Terrorism and Political Violence, and the Journal of Strategic Studies. He may be contacted by e-mail at: mwoldema@bu.edu
Tekle Mariam Woldemikael is Professor of Sociology and International Studies at Chapman University. He holds a PhD in sociology from Northwestern University and BA in Economics from Haile Selassie I University. He has taught at various universities and colleges including University of Redlands, Whittier College, Hamilton College, University of Hartford, and University of Gezira in Sudan. His research interests involve studying ethnicity and nationalism, immigrants and refugees, national, ethnic, and racial identities, language, and public policy. He is co-author of Scholars and Southern Californian Immigrants in Dialogue: New Conversations in Public Sociology with Rowman and Littlefield and author of Becoming Black American: Haitians and American Institutions in Evanston, Illinois with AMS Press, and is being republished with Shorefront Legacy Press. He is editor of “Postliberation Eritrea,” a special edited volume of Africa Today, Winter 2013. He may be contacted by e-mail at: woldemik@chapman.edu

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